This directory is for official University and Alumni Association use, and also for individual communication of a personal nature between members listed herein. Use of this directory for any other purpose, including, but not limited to, reproducing and storing in a retrieval system by any means, electronic or mechanical, photocopying or using the addresses (electronic or otherwise) or other information contained in this directory for any private, commercial, or political mailing is strictly prohibited and is in direct violation of copyright and constitutes misappropriation of corporate property. Such unauthorized use may also violate the rights of privacy and/or publicity of individuals listed herein and may constitute tortious interference with contractual relationships related to this publication.

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Historical photographs: Columbiana

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Directory Information
The biographical information contained in this directory was compiled in the following manner: 

a) Columbia University provided the publisher with the most recent information contained in its files at the time the project commenced;

b) Publisher attempted to update the address and telephone number information through third-party research vendors with which it had executed confidentiality agreements; and 

c) Publisher made every reasonable attempt to verify the biographical information with each individual directly via mail, e-mail, and/or telephone. Updates given by immediate family members may have been applied. 

If attempts to verify the information directly with individuals were unsuccessful, the information originally provided by Columbia University was utilized, with any address or telephone number updates obtained through research applied. We apologize in advance for any errors and omissions, and we urge you to send corrected information regarding your listing to: 

Columbia University
Alumni Office
Interchurch Center, Suite 520
New York, NY 10115
(212) 870-2545
Biographical Section